AANP Adult Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practiotioner Practice

High physical activity is recognized as a protective factor against coronary artery disease (CAD) rather than a risk factor. Engaging in regular physical activity contributes to overall cardiovascular health by helping to maintain a healthy weight, controlling blood pressure, improving lipid profiles (including raising HDL cholesterol), and enhancing insulin sensitivity. These benefits collectively lower the likelihood of developing CAD.

In contrast, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus are established risk factors for CAD. Hypertension contributes to the wear and tear on arteries, low HDL cholesterol is associated with an increased risk for plaque buildup, and diabetes mellitus leads to higher blood sugar levels which can damage blood vessels over time. Understanding the distinctions between risk factors and protective factors is crucial in assessing cardiovascular health and guiding prevention strategies.