In geriatric patients, what is the hallmark symptom of depression?

The hallmark symptom of depression in geriatric patients is the persistent sadness or loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. This symptom is central to the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and is often referred to as anhedonia. In older adults, it might manifest as a diminished ability to experience pleasure in social interactions, hobbies, or routines that once brought joy.

While fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating are common manifestations associated with depression, they can also occur due to other conditions, such as medical illnesses or side effects of medications that older adults frequently take. The specificity of persistent sadness or loss of interest in activities makes it a defining characteristic in differentiating depression from other similar symptoms. Recognizing this primary symptom is crucial for effective screening and management of depression in geriatric populations.