What characterizes the Somogyi Effect?

The Somogyi Effect is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels in the morning following a nighttime hypoglycemic episode. This phenomenon occurs when a person experiences low blood sugar at night, which can trigger a counter-regulatory response from the body. In reaction to the hypoglycemia, the body releases hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine, which stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. As a result, when the individual checks their blood sugar upon waking, they may find it to be higher than expected, despite having had low levels during the night. This effect highlights the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels, particularly overnight, and adjusting insulin doses carefully to prevent hypoglycemia that can lead to this rebound hyperglycemia.