Which condition is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?

Grave's disease is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism because it is an autoimmune disorder that specifically targets the thyroid gland, leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones. In this condition, the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid, causing it to enlarge and become overactive, resulting in symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and heat intolerance. Understanding this condition is crucial for nurse practitioners, as the management and treatment may involve antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity and individual patient factors.

The other conditions listed do not cause hyperthyroidism. Cushing's syndrome involves excessive cortisol levels and presents with different symptoms, while Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency leading to low levels of cortisol and other hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, on the other hand, typically leads to hypothyroidism, as it is also an autoimmune disorder, but one that results in the destruction of thyroid tissue rather than stimulation. Thus, the direct association of Grave's disease with hyperthyroidism makes it the correct choice in this context.