Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Angioedema is a well-documented common side effect associated with the use of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors. This condition involves swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, and it can affect the face, lips, tongue, and throat. The mechanism behind angioedema is linked to the accumulation of bradykinin, a peptide that ACE inhibitors prevent from being broken down, leading to increased vascular permeability and fluid leakage.

The risk of angioedema is significant enough that it warrants close monitoring in patients undergoing treatment with ACE inhibitors, as it can potentially lead to serious complications, such as airway obstruction. Due to the rarity yet severity of this side effect, immediate medical attention is necessary when angioedema occurs.

Assessing the other options, muscle cramps, weight gain, and increased appetite are not commonly associated with ACE inhibitors. These conditions may occur due to various factors, but they are not a characteristic side effect linked to the pharmacological action of ACE inhibitors. Therefore, angioedema stands out as the most relevant and serious side effect that healthcare providers should be aware of when prescribing or monitoring patients on these medications.